The operating system manages the operations and resources of the computer by controlling the access to the central processor unit (CPU), memory, file storage and input/output devices. It also performs tasks like scheduling resource use to prevent conflicts and interfering between processes, regulating the structure and contents of files stored in non-primary storage media and determining which applications require hardware components such as Wi-Fi adapters or disk drives. It also allows users to interact with the system. to connect with the system using the use of a Graphical User Interface or Command-Line Interface.
Process Management
Operating systems manage the beginning, stopping, and re-starting of programs. It determines which applications get to execute first and for how long it can make use of the CPU, as well as when it’s time to end. It can also split up a program into several threads so that it can run on a variety of processors simultaneously. Each of these actions is controlled by an operating system program called a process control block.
File management
Operating systems maintain structure and content of files within non-primary data storage. They can transfer data between memory and storage as needed. They can also map virtual memory pages into physical memory pages to speed up access. This process is called demand paging.
It also interacts with the hardware on the computer using drivers and other interfacing software. For instance, if an application needs to use specific hardware, like a WiFi adaptor the operating system will supply the driver and allow it to access the hardware. This allows the programmer to avoid writing a piece of code for every Wi-Fi adapter disk drive, or any other type hardware.
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